The liquid chamberscope has an object case filled with liquid (usually glycerin) in which the jewels, glass beads, or other objects float. The chamber kaleidoscope has an enclosed object case with free-tumbling jewels, glass, beads or other objects. There are five different types of kaleidoscopes. The number of combinations and patterns is without limit. When the box is turned or tapped, the objects inside tumble into different groups and when the diffusing screen is illuminated by natural or artificial light, six or eight different symmetrical images appear. In this box are pieces of colored glass or beads. This flat box is made from two glass disks, the outer one ground to act as a diffusing screen. At the other end is a thin, flat box that can be rotated. The mirrors are enclosed in a tube with a viewing eyehole at one end. Since its introduction, the kaleidoscope has been sold primarily as a toy, but has practical uses as well.Ī simple kaleidoscope is made of two thin, wedge-shaped mirror strips touching along a common edge or a single sheet of bright aluminum bent to an angle of 45 or 60 degrees. Depending on the number of mirrors and the angle between them, the kaleidoscope will produce multiple symmetrical patterns. The device uses the image-forming properties of combined inclined mirrors. The kaleidoscope was invented by Sir David Brewster around 1816 and patented the following year.
How can you improve upon the design of your periscope? Have you ever seen a periscope used? Or, have you seen another instrument that works like a periscope? What do you see when you look into the periscope?
In other words, where you look into the periscope is on the opposite side of the tube from the hole where light is coming in.Īnswer the following questions in your science notebook: Tape the two cartons together so that the holes are on opposite sides of the periscope. Tape a mirror, tilted at a 45-degree angle, in the bottom of each carton, with the shiny side facing the hole.
Periscopes are instruments that allow the viewing of objects that are not in the direct line of vision. Then, using guidebooks for the identification of birds, try to determine what kind of birds you were watching. You may also want to sketch what you observe. Record some of the following features used for the identification of birds: the shape and color of the eyes, feet, color of the plumage, shape of the head, shape of the tail feathers, and beak shape and color. Life Science - Use binoculars to observe birds. Prisms correct the image before we see it through the magnifying eyepiece lenses. This forms an image that is upside down and reversed. When using binoculars, you look at an object and light reflects off the object and enters the front of the binoculars through the objective lens. The first number refers to the magnification of the binoculars and the second number gives the diameter of the objective lens in millimeters. Also, by using two prisms the image that formed appeared right side up.īinoculars are currently found in three designs: 6x30, 7x50, and 8x30. This meant that it was possible to make a shorter instrument. Since it was difficult to keep these tubes parallel to one another, the image seen was often doubled.Īround 1900 a German physicist named Ernst Abbe made a pair of binoculars using prisms that reflected the incoming light twice. These long binoculars, however, were heavy and difficult to handle. Soon after telescopes were invented, people started to fasten two of the long tubes together to make binoculars. Inquiry 8: How Does It Work? Binoculars, Periscopes, and Kaleidoscopesīinoculars are really just two refracting telescopes joined together with a hinge. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Activities in Optics - Inquiry 8: Binoculars, Periscopes, and Kaleidoscopes
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